{"id":3650,"date":"2023-03-02T19:58:22","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T19:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/?p=3650"},"modified":"2023-01-08T20:04:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T20:04:36","slug":"own-it-or-appeal-it-a-new-bad-facts-dilemma-in-pennsylvania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2023\/03\/02\/own-it-or-appeal-it-a-new-bad-facts-dilemma-in-pennsylvania\/","title":{"rendered":"OWN IT OR APPEAL IT – A NEW ‘BAD FACTS’ DILEMMA IN PENNSYLVANIA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Civil and criminal court litigators \u2013 beware.\u00a0 A new decision of the Pennsylvania Superior Court in a criminal appeal has radically upset the calculus lawyers must perform if they lose a motion in limine<\/em> and want to decide whether to front (or \u201cown\u201d) the bad fact.\u00a0 Doing so may now cost a litigant the chance to claim error on appeal.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Until December 23, 2022, the sage advice was simple \u2013 if a motion in limine<\/em> to exclude damning proof was denied, the party who lost would then own the fact.\u00a0 \u201cIt is common practice for the party who calls a witness who has a criminal record to bring out the prior conviction on direct examination\u2026[an] anticipatory disclosure designed to reduce the prejudicial effect of the evidence if revealed for the first time on cross-examination[.]\u201d\u00a0 1 Ohlbaum on the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence \u00a7 609.09 (2022). \u00a0And if the trial was lost, appeal the in limine<\/em> ruling.<\/p>\n

And why was this right?\u00a0 Because fairness and our Rules of Evidence dictated this.\u00a0 Fairness? If an accused does not admit the damning fact on direct, it will come out much more harshly on cross and make the defendant and their lawyer appear dishonest.\u00a0 And the right to appeal afterwards? The defendant did what Rule 103, Pa.R.Evid. requires \u2013 to timely object or secure a definitive in limine<\/em> ruling.\u00a0 That Rule requires nothing more.<\/p>\n

And this was the law as applied by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court which conducted merits review of such claims even when the challenged proof was preemptively offered by the side it harmed until the Superior Court \u2013 omitting any reference to that having occurred in prior cases \u2013 held that \u201can appellant who receives an adverse evidentiary ruling can either preserve the issue for appeal by lodging an objection to the introduction of the evidence, or he can make a strategic choice to forfeit the objection and preemptively introduce the evidence himself. He cannot do both simultaneously.\u201d Commonwealth v. Stevenson<\/u>, 2022 Pa. Super. LEXIS 507, *8-9 (December 23, 2022).<\/p>\n

When Mr. Stevenson was about to testify at his Robbery trial, his lawyer asked the judge to bar admission of a nearly 13 year old conviction for Burglary.\u00a0 The judge ruled the conviction admissible \u2013 a determination not the subject of this article\u00a0 but open to reasonable debate \u2013 and Stevenson took the stand. Following decades of common practice, the lawyer included the following in the direct examination:<\/p>\n

Q: Mr. Stevenson, before I turn the floor over to the district attorney, back in 2005 \u2013 I know that was some time ago — but back in 2005 you had a prior matter where you pled guilty and sentenced on a burglary case; is that correct?<\/p>\n

A: Yes.<\/p>\n

The jury convicted, and on post-sentence motions the trial judge denied relief but did so on the merits.\u00a0 On appeal, however, the Superior Court found the issue waived by the act of preemptive disclosure.\u00a0 In so doing, it relied heavily on United States v. Ohler<\/em>, a decision of the United States Supreme Court that reached the same conclusion.<\/p>\n

Is the Superior Court wrong?\u00a0 What is clear is that it relied on an inapposite case, one where a defendant chose as trial strategy to introduce his prior record and then later sought to challenge that decision on collateral attack.\u00a0 There, the defendant had not sought preclusion and the prosecutor had not pressed for admission.<\/p>\n

A second error was in likening Stevenson\u2019s action to a party that \u2018opens the door\u2019 to otherwise inadmissible<\/em> proof.\u00a0 Again, the difference is stark \u2013 here, the trial judge had made the proof admissible<\/em> so the door was already open.<\/p>\n

Finally, there is an argument that the Superior Court intruded on the prerogative of the Supreme Court, which has sole authority to set or modify procedure in the trial and appellate courts.<\/p>\n

A Petition for Allowance of Appeal has been filed on Mr. Stevenson\u2019s behalf (this author is now pro bono <\/em>\u00adco-counsel seeking review).\u00a0 It will be months before a determination of whether to allow the appeal is made; and if appeal is allowed possibly a year or two before argument and a decision.\u00a0 In the meantime be warned \u2013 whether the trial be civil or criminal, the choice is yours but singular – either own the bad evidence or wait for the appeal.\u00a0 For now, you can\u2019t do both.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Civil and criminal court litigators \u2013 beware.\u00a0 A new decision of the Pennsylvania Superior Court in a criminal appeal has radically upset the calculus lawyers must perform if they lose a motion in limine and want to decide whether to front (or \u201cown\u201d) the bad fact.\u00a0 Doing so may now cost a litigant the chance<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,7,11],"tags":[],"coauthors":[330],"class_list":["post-3650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advocacy-and-evidence-blog","category-evidence","category-trial-advocacy"],"yoast_head":"\nOWN IT OR APPEAL IT - A NEW 'BAD FACTS' DILEMMA IN PENNSYLVANIA - Advocacy and Evidence Resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2023\/03\/02\/own-it-or-appeal-it-a-new-bad-facts-dilemma-in-pennsylvania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OWN IT OR APPEAL IT - 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