{"id":2858,"date":"2021-01-19T10:42:12","date_gmt":"2021-01-19T15:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/aer\/?p=2858"},"modified":"2021-12-16T14:56:06","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T14:56:06","slug":"eyewitness-evidence-the-third-circuit-taskforce-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2021\/01\/19\/eyewitness-evidence-the-third-circuit-taskforce-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Eyewitness Evidence: The Third Circuit Taskforce Report"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eyewitness testimony\u2014seen more as the staple of state court trials rather than federal, more often the subject of focus in criminal trials than in civil litigation\u2014is, in fact, ubiquitous. For federal courts, it is involved in trials and in review of state court convictions, particularly on habeas. The prominence of eyewitness testimony, and the great harm that can occur when the eyewitness is sincere but wrong, led to the creation of the Third Circuit Taskforce on Eyewitness Identification in October 2016. Its report, the product of more than three years of work, has now been published.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2860 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/law-dev.temple.edu\/aer\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/11\/3rd-cicuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"255\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The undertaking was remarkable. No other federal circuit had taken up this issue, but this Circuit committed time and effort and gathered an array of stakeholders\u2014appellate and trial judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel\u2014and subject matter experts, including one of the nation\u2019s leading eyewitness researchers and one of law enforcement\u2019s leaders in eyewitness \u201cbest practices.\u201d [The author of this article was the academic on the Taskforce.] The group was led by co-chairs Judge Theodore McKee of the Third Circuit and Judge Mitchell Goldberg of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n<p>Meetings led to the creation of subcommittees\u2014\u201cScientific Consensus,\u201d \u201cBest Practices,\u201d \u201cContinuing Education,\u201d and \u201cJury Instructions.\u201d The result\u2014the 120 pages of law, science, and policy\u2014is the most current comprehensive overview of eyewitnesses and their role in the courtroom available in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>So, the questions are who should read this; what does it offer; how may it be used; where do we go from here; and how does one get a copy?<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with the \u201cwho\u201d question. The report is essential for<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Law enforcement officials who want to improve the collection of eyewitness evidence, avoid the loss or limitation of trial proof, and increase the likelihood of ensuring the apprehending of the actual perpetrator and not an innocent person;<\/li>\n<li>Prosecutors who must grapple with eyewitness evidence and its pitfalls and who want to develop tools for assessing whether the risk of mistaken identification is substantial in any particular case;<\/li>\n<li>Criminal defense counsel who need to know the science, the law, and whether the investigation in an eyewitness-based prosecution increased or reduced the risk of a mistaken identification;<\/li>\n<li>Lawyers in civil litigation who rely in whole or in part on eyewitness evidence;<\/li>\n<li>Judges in state and federal courts at both the trial and appellate levels, who must assess the reliability of eyewitness testimony, issues of attorney effectiveness, and the science of perception, memory, and recall; and<\/li>\n<li>Policymakers who are concerned about system integrity and the improvement of the justice system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What does it offer? Step by step, the report takes the reader through the established science of memory, noting the imperfection of the human mind and that memory is not an unalterable video capture of an event but instead is a construct of stimuli that may be an incomplete and\/or inaccurate picture from the moment of perception, a construct subject to contamination [being changed by new information] or degradation [the loss of detail over time]. Drawing upon research over the past four decades, and with input from and review by the nation\u2019s leading eyewitness researchers, the report identifies\u2014with citation to the major confirming studies\u2014the \u201csystem\u201d and \u201cestimator\u201d variables that may affect eyewitness accuracy and reliability.<\/p>\n<p>Is there disagreement? Two Taskforce members noted dissent or qualifications, but after considering the same, the Taskforce overwhelmingly reached consensus, agreeing to include the two members\u2019 concerns and, in places, responding to them.<\/p>\n<p>How may the report be used? First, it must be made clear what the document is not. This is not a government report or expert treatise that is evidentiarily admissible, and it contains an explicit disclaimer to that effect. It is a compendium of information meant to educate and perhaps to suggest areas of inquiry or policies to consider and implement. But it does offer \u201cone-stop shopping\u201d for anyone studying or confronting eyewitnesses, their promise, and their limitations.<\/p>\n<p>More importantly, in its design, the report juxtaposes eyewitness concerns with well-substantiated best practices. In its intent and design, the report enables any reader to contrast what occurred with what should have, what limitations there might be with a particular eyewitness, and what remediation was, or could have been, undertaken.<\/p>\n<p>And where do we go from here? Reports can be no more than an item on a bookshelf or in an electronic file. The Taskforce intended more. The Taskforce recommended continuing legal education on eyewitnesses and their testimony, and plans for the same are afoot. The Third Circuit librarian and others from the Taskforce will create and curate an eyewitness issues website with caselaw and authoritative research. The various proposals regarding updating jury instructions that were considered by the Taskforce have been submitted to the Third Circuit jury instructions committee.<\/p>\n<p>When accurate and properly investigated and preserved, eyewitness accounts may be critical in assisting the adjudication of a claim and determining what happened and who may be responsible. But eyewitness testimony\u2014the claim of \u201cthat is the [perpetrator] and I\u2019ll never forget that face\u201d uttered in a courtroom months or years after an incident\u2014is too often erroneous and overrelied on.<\/p>\n<p>Take it from a man named John White, identified in a live lineup by a rape victim but exonerated by DNA years later; in that same lineup, by coincidence, was the man shown by DNA to be the real rapist. The victim looked at him head on\u2014but she could not \u201csee\u201d him as the rapist because her memory was wrong, although her intent and sincerity were beyond question. <em>John Jerome White<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innocenceproject.org\/cases\/john-jerome-white\">Innocence Project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It is such vulnerabilities that the Third Circuit Taskforce Report is intended to address\u2014to bring science and data to an area of the law where the normal tools for assessing witness credibility all too often fail. The reading is essential\u2014and application of this compendium of knowledge must be the <em>sine qua non<\/em> for all matters involving eyewitnesses who, this report shows, are all too human.<\/p>\n<p>The report has been published by the Temple University Beasley School of Law at 92 Temp. L. Rev. 1 (2019) and may be <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/quae6go\">downloaded without cost<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Eyewitness testimony\u2014seen more as the staple of state court trials rather than federal, more often the subject of focus in criminal trials than in civil litigation\u2014is, in fact, ubiquitous. For federal courts, it is involved in trials and in review of state court convictions, particularly on habeas. The prominence of eyewitness testimony, and the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6],"tags":[],"coauthors":[238],"class_list":["post-2858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advocacy-and-evidence-blog","category-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eyewitness Evidence: The Third Circuit Taskforce Report - Advocacy and Evidence Resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Third Circuit Eyewitness Taskforce Report is an essential read for anyone concerned about or dealing with eyewitness issues.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2021\/01\/19\/eyewitness-evidence-the-third-circuit-taskforce-report\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eyewitness Evidence: The Third Circuit Taskforce Report - 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