{"id":2844,"date":"2020-11-14T08:03:08","date_gmt":"2020-11-14T13:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/aer\/?p=2844"},"modified":"2021-12-16T14:56:32","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T14:56:32","slug":"friends-students-jurors-lend-me-your-eyes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2020\/11\/14\/friends-students-jurors-lend-me-your-eyes\/","title":{"rendered":"BRAIN LESSONS: FRIENDS, STUDENTS, JURORS, LEND ME YOUR EYES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We are in a new world, aren\u2019t we?\u00a0 I am starting to get this strange feeling that the vocational \u201cme\u201d is really just a hologram\u2014merely an image of me that others interact with.\u00a0 I see him too.\u00a0 He\u2019s there in the lower corner of my screen, and he can\u2019t even make eye contact with me!\u00a0 Perhaps, he feels as estranged from me as I do from him.\u00a0 This is our new world for a moment, let\u2019s hope.\u00a0 It makes me wonder <em>where <\/em>to look<em>.\u00a0 <\/em>Surely, I\u2019m not alone in this.\u00a0 Each of you has wondered the same thing: look at the camera, look at your materials, or look at the people on your screen.\u00a0 And if we teach advocates, how should we advise them in this new medium?\u00a0 This month, I\u2019m reviewing a recent study on how a presenter\u2019s gaze and body position affects learning on the other side of the screen.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The study was fairly simple.\u00a0 Participants watched one of six different presentations teaching the same subject.\u00a0 In each of the six presentations, the presenter\u2019s eye gaze and body position changed.\u00a0 Participants were then tested on the subject taught and those results were matched to the presenter\u2019s eye gaze and body position.\u00a0 There were three eye positions employed.\u00a0 In the first, the presenter appeared to \u201clook\u201d at the material next to her on the screen\u2014like a weather forecaster.\u00a0 The courtroom equivalent is a lawyer next to a white board or demonstrative.\u00a0 In the second, she looked directly at the camera.\u00a0 In the third, she looked away from the material <em>and<\/em> the camera, as if speaking to an in-person group to her left.\u00a0 There were three body positions tested as well: torso turned toward the material, toward the camera, or away from the material and the camera. \u00a0The presenter only ever appears from the waist up.<\/p>\n<p>Before I share the results, it\u2019s worth noting that the authors cite to a host of other materials which have revealed the importance of looking directly at one\u2019s camera while communicating or teaching digitally.\u00a0 If you are the type who looks at the people on your screen instead of the camera, don\u2019t fret <em>too<\/em> much.\u00a0 There is good data that people watching you sense that you\u2019re trying to making eye contact with them and still feel a level of connection to you, even if you appear to them to be looking downward and not staring into their soul.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The study revealed that the body position of the presenter simply didn\u2019t matter.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0 Eye tracking data from participants showed they rarely looked at the presenter\u2019s body and her body position didn\u2019t affect learning or retention.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0Second, the study showed that the participants who viewed the presenter \u201clooking\u201d at the material she was presenting\u2014referred to as \u201cguided gaze\u201d\u2014scored highest on a subsequent test.\u00a0 The participants who saw her looking right at them\u2014referred to as \u201cdirect gaze\u201d\u2014scored a little lower.\u00a0 Finally, those who saw her teach with her head turned from the material and the camera scored the lowest.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Though there is no good argument for the averted gaze, the data reveals that the guided gaze, where material is co-apparent with the presenter, and the camera-staring direct gaze, where it isn\u2019t, are essential tools for our new world of computer teaching and persuasion.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Zhongling Pi et al., <em>Instructor Presence in Video Lectures: Eye Gaze Matters, but Not Body Orientation<\/em>, 144 Computers &amp; Educ. 1 (2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103713\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103713<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>See generally <\/em>David M. Grayson &amp; Andrew F. Monk, <em>Are You Looking at Me? Eye Contact and Desktop Video Conferencing<\/em>, 10 ACM Transactions on Computer-Hum. Interaction 221, [PINCITE] (2003).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Pi et al., <em>supra <\/em>note 1, at 5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <em>Id. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <em>Id. <\/em>at 5-6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are in a new world, aren\u2019t we?\u00a0 I am starting to get this strange feeling that the vocational \u201cme\u201d is really just a hologram\u2014merely an image of me that others interact with.\u00a0 I see him too.\u00a0 He\u2019s there in the lower corner of my screen, and he can\u2019t even make eye contact with me!\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"coauthors":[203],"class_list":["post-2844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-brain-lessons"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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