{"id":2088,"date":"2017-11-25T08:29:27","date_gmt":"2017-11-25T13:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/aer\/?p=2088"},"modified":"2021-12-16T14:57:51","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T14:57:51","slug":"bus-making-opening-statement-visual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2017\/11\/25\/bus-making-opening-statement-visual\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBE ON THE BUS\u201d \u2013 MAKING AN OPENING STATEMENT VISUAL"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the hey-day of hippies and LSD, a critical phrase was \u2018you\u2019re either on the bus or off the bus.\u201d\u00a0 Loosely translated, it meant you were either \u201cwith it,\u201d i.e.<\/em> fully along for the ride, or you were being left behind.\u00a0 But for the world of trial advocacy, the phrase can have a decidedly different meaning, especially in the context of an opening statement.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

It is beyond question that visuals affect judgment.\u00a0 Showing disturbing photos, i.e.<\/em>, gruesome images of harm, can alter judgment on both liability and damages.\u00a0 Edelman, The Impact of Graphic Injury Photographs on Liability Verdicts and Non-Economic Damage Awards (2009), http:\/\/www.thejuryexpert.com\/2009\/09\/the-impact-of-graphic-injury-photographs-on-liability-verdicts-and-non-economic-damage-awards\/<\/a><\/p>\n

It is also clear that \u201cshowing\u201d is more effectual than \u201ctelling.\u201d\u00a0 As described by one author,<\/p>\n

When you tell<\/em> rather than show,<\/em> you simply inform your reader of information rather than allowing him to deduce anything.<\/p>\n

You\u2019re supplying information by simply stating it. You might report that a character is \u201ctall,\u201d or \u201cangry,\u201d or \u201ccold,\u201d or \u201ctired.\u201d<\/p>\n

That\u2019s telling<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Showing <\/em>would paint a picture the reader could see in her mind\u2019s eye.<\/p>\n

If your character is tall, your reader can deduce that because you mention others looking up when they talk with him. Or he has to duck to get through a door. Or when posing for a photo, he has to bend his knees to keep his head in proximity of others.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.jerryjenkins.com\/show-dont-tell\/<\/a><\/p>\n

But a dilemma remains.\u00a0 If words alone are used, each juror of necessity paints a picture of her own creation.\u00a0 It may match the narrator\u2019s or be wildly different.\u00a0 Without some other aid, the lawyer(s) will never know.<\/p>\n

So, what does one do?\u00a0 A simple answer is a photographic aid or drawing, deployed in the opening statement, is a better tool at communicating what the lawyer seeks to show and ensuring uniform understanding among the jurors.\u00a0 But a picture is invariably smaller than what needs to be conveyed, especially when describing a location where something occurred.<\/p>\n

Hence, take the jury there.\u00a0 Not as in a visit, but make the courtroom the place.\u00a0 Consider an accident that occurred on a bus, where the layout of the bus, its size, and the location of various individuals are significant.\u00a0 Use a diagram, but then make the courtroom the bus, right from your opening statement.
\nMembers of the jury, this bus is 42 feet long.\u00a0 That\u2019s from the edge of this jury box to [walk and show.]\u00a0 From your jury box you can look right down the bus, from the rear to the front.<\/p>\n

Here we go \u2013 there are ten rows of seats, with an aisle [walk and show].\u00a0 And here [stand at correct measurement], 32 feet from the rear, is where the tour guide stands.\u00a0 Right here, next to where the court reporter is sitting.
\nAnd up here, 40 feet from the back, is where the driver sits.\u00a0 And when you get there, that\u2019s where the yellow line is, to warn people not to stand where it\u2019s dangerous.
\nTen rows of seats, plenty of room.
\nYellow line, do not cross.
\nAnd it is when the plaintiff ignored that yellow line, and stood at the 41 foot mark, away from the seats, away from where you can see and hear the tour guide, that\u2019s where the injury occurred.<\/p>\n

Be on the bus.\u00a0 Or, more properly, make sure the jury is on the bus, and that all the jurors are on the same bus.\u00a0 And thanks to Philadelphia attorney Tom Duffy for these insights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the hey-day of hippies and LSD, a critical phrase was \u2018you\u2019re either on the bus or off the bus.\u201d\u00a0 Loosely translated, it meant you were either \u201cwith it,\u201d i.e. fully along for the ride, or you were being left behind.\u00a0 But for the world of trial advocacy, the phrase can have a decidedly different<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,11],"tags":[],"coauthors":[238],"class_list":["post-2088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advocacy","category-advocacy-and-evidence-blog","category-trial-advocacy"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cBE ON THE BUS\u201d \u2013 MAKING AN OPENING STATEMENT VISUAL - Advocacy and Evidence Resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/aer\/2017\/11\/25\/bus-making-opening-statement-visual\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cBE ON THE BUS\u201d \u2013 MAKING AN OPENING STATEMENT VISUAL - 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