Leaves the listener desirous of and receptive to confirmation as the evidence unfolds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe dilemma is for the defense lawyer, he\/she who opens second. If the moving party has indeed set the stage with a compelling narration, the defense must quickly move the listener to a new narrative, a story at least as compelling, familiar and morally satisfying. If this does not occur, there is only one framework and one set of expectations.<\/p>\n
One author has described this as having and setting a \u201chook,\u201d much as in fishing:<\/p>\n
An ordinary opening<\/strong> statement<\/strong> relies upon each juror to supply the motivation to actively listen. A hook is a story device that functions in three important ways: (1) by supplying motivation to listen, (2) by offering an anticipation of what will come later, and (3) by providing an immediate connection between the lives of the audience and the characters in the story.<\/em><\/p>\nTALKING STORY IN TRIAL: THE POWER OF NARRATIVE PERSUASION, 24 Champion 26, 29 (October, 2000).<\/em><\/p>\nThe failure to do this is seen in a juxtapose of two openings in a criminal homicide prosecution where the stakes were extraordinarily high \u2013 a life sentence without possibility of parole. To the lawyers who fail to quickly and convincingly present a story, the comparison of opening statements may bring home the need to rethink strategy and style.<\/p>\n
The prosecution opening, shown below but with victim and witness names changed, is a vivid illustration of how story-telling captures the listener and begins the trial persuasion process.<\/p>\n
What you\u2019ll see really soon is this horrific tragedy is more suffering than any one young 23 year old man and his mom would ever, could ever and should ever endure.<\/em><\/p>\nBeyond the seven or eight or nine shots to the man\u2019s body \u2013 and make no mistake about it, [victim], who people affectionately knew as [Tony], on January XX of the year 2006, on the 2200 block of XXXX Street\u2026in South Philadelphia, was shot by to people using two revolvers again and again and again and again in his torso, his stomach, his legs, his feet, his back.<\/em><\/p>\nBeyond all of those shots \u2013 so many that we don\u2019t even know how many \u2013 was two years of quadriplegia, two years of tubes, ventilator, two years of IVs, two years of \u201cliving,\u201d end quote, two years of surgeries and infection after infection after infection.<\/em><\/p>\nOnly to be told after those two years \u2013 and he fought valiantly \u2013 only to be told \u201cWe can\u2019t do anything more for you, you\u2019re going to die.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nThe power of this opening and its emotional charge cannot be denied. To the defense counsel, then, the challenge is paramount \u2013 to offer a competing, equally compelling and morally satisfying narrative, and to do so from the first moment when juror expectations and the potential to \u2018set the hook\u2019 are high.<\/p>\n
What happened instead?<\/p>\n
Wow, you heard it.<\/em><\/p>\nThe D.A. laid it all of the facts, laid out what happened, laid out what you\u2019re going to hear, laid out the proof, laid out the evidence.<\/em><\/p>\nI don\u2019t even know why we picked you all.<\/em><\/p>\nObviously, based on what the D.A. just told you, this young man is guilty.<\/em><\/p>\nI mean, he told you that there was a witness who saw him on the scene.<\/em><\/p>\nThere was a witness who heard [the defendant] say something.<\/em><\/p>\nThere was the decedent himself who gave up [my client\u2019s] name.<\/em><\/p>\nLet me do this.<\/em><\/p>\nI am going to try and make this as quick as possible within the next, I don\u2019t know, five or seven minutes and then sit down and see if the prosecutor can back up what he said.<\/em><\/p>\nLet me<\/em> stop there. As a reader, please ask yourself the following questions:<\/p>\n\n- Did defense counsel draw in the listener?<\/li>\n
- Is there an alternative (or any) story?<\/li>\n
- Did defense counsel reinforce<\/em> the prosecution story by retelling in in his first words, including the portions that inculpate his client?<\/li>\n
- As a juror, do you want or feel the need to continue listening?<\/li>\n
- As a juror, are you agreeing with defense counsel that \u201cthis young man is<\/em> guilty\u201d and it is unclear why we [the jurors] were picked for such a waste of time?<\/li>\n
- And, by the way, have you mentioned the client by name, let alone humanized him?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The list could go on and on. Later in the opening counsel told the jurors that his client was accused because \u201cthe prosecution got information, the police got information. For whatever reason they decide the information is valid, and they go out and arrest the person\u2026\u201d What story board does this fit \u2013 other than one of two independent groups that we as citizens rely on believe the defendant to be guilty?<\/p>\n
Late in the closing counsel finally gave a hint of his defense. \u201cYou\u2019re going to see that not only is the prosecution evidence flawed, it\u2019s fatally flawed.\u201d Yet this admonition came with no guidance what<\/em> was flawed, or how to look for flaws \u2013 was never defined or even hinted at.<\/p>\nThat the defense to these charges was difficult cannot be denied. But if that defense was that \u201cthe prosecution evidence [is] flawed, it\u2019s fatally flawed,\u201d then that should have been the headline and the story<\/em>. It wasn\u2019t. [We can leave for another time whether \u201cfatally\u201d flawed is the best word choice for a homicide case.]<\/p>\nThe lesson? Hopefully, that seeing [reading] such an opening breeds believing in the premise that an opening with no story is no opening at all; and the next time an opening is given by the defense it won\u2019t highlight the adverse evidence and fail to offer a competing narrative. Wouldn\u2019t that be a story.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A successful opening statement: Draws in the listener from the first sentences; Narrates facts into a story-board or framework that the audience \u2013 judge or jury \u2013 is familiar and comfortable with; Tells that story with less attention to finite details and more to ensuring that the gist is grasped; Is persuasive without becoming argumentative;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1502,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,8],"tags":[17,54,125,136],"coauthors":[330,328],"class_list":["post-1501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advocacy-and-evidence-blog","category-faculty-commentary","tag-advocacy","tag-evidence","tag-story-telling","tag-trial-advocacy"],"yoast_head":"\n
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