{"id":4691,"date":"2026-10-28T13:44:40","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T17:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/?p=4691"},"modified":"2026-10-28T13:44:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T17:44:40","slug":"the-chilutti-test-returns-the-pennsylvania-superior-court-again-adopts-heightened-scrutiny-of-online-arbitration-agreements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/the-chilutti-test-returns-the-pennsylvania-superior-court-again-adopts-heightened-scrutiny-of-online-arbitration-agreements\/","title":{"rendered":"The Chilutti Test Returns: The Pennsylvania Superior Court Again Adopts Heightened Scrutiny of Online Arbitration Agreements"},"content":{"rendered":"

October 28, 2026<\/p>\n

When the Pennsylvania Supreme Court vacated the Superior Court\u2019s en banc<\/em> decision in Chilutti v. Uber Technologies, Inc.<\/em>, businesses may have hoped that Pennsylvania\u2019s unusually strict approach to online arbitration agreements had been put to rest\u2014or at least put on a lengthy hold. It has not.<\/p>\n

In Chilutti<\/em>, the en banc<\/em> Superior Court set unique, heightened requirements for enforcing online consumer arbitration agreements. The court required: (1) The registration website or application screen must explicitly state that the consumer is waiving the right to a jury trial by agreeing to the terms, and the registration cannot be completed until the consumer is fully informed of that waiver; and (2) If the arbitration agreement is available through a hyperlink, the waiver cannot be buried in the hyperlinked terms; it must appear prominently in bold, capitalized text.<\/p>\n

Although the Pennsylvania Supreme Court reversed the Chilutti<\/em> Court, its decision was procedural, not substantive. The Court held only that it lacked jurisdiction because an order compelling arbitration and staying court proceedings is not immediately appealable as a collateral order. It did not approve or reject the Superior Court\u2019s heightened standard for online arbitration agreements.<\/p>\n

The result was a legal fog: the Superior Court\u2019s en banc<\/em> opinion no longer had precedential force, but its reasoning remained the last meaningful Pennsylvania appellate discussion of how online consumer assent to arbitration should be evaluated.<\/p>\n

That fog did not last long.<\/p>\n

In March 2026, the Superior Court issued Duffy v. Tatum<\/em>, a published decision that \u201cborrow[ed] substantially\u201d from Chilutti<\/em> and revived its heightened framework under the Pennsylvania Constitution.<\/p>\n

The facts gave the court a familiar online-contracting scenario: Duffy used Dolly\u2019s website to book moving services. To complete the transaction, he had to check a box stating, \u201cBy checking this box I accept the Dolly Terms of Service.\u201d The terms were hyperlinked, but Duffy did not have to open them or separately acknowledge the arbitration provision. The arbitration clause appeared on page three of the terms, and neither the registration website nor the first page of the terms expressly stated that the user was waiving the right to a jury trial.<\/p>\n

The Superior Court held a reasonable person in Duffy\u2019s position would not have understood that he was assenting to arbitration. Central to its conclusion was the court\u2019s view that the average internet user may not understand \u201carbitration\u201d to mean giving up the right to have claims decided by a jury, rather than simply adding another step to the litigation process. Emphasizing Pennsylvania\u2019s constitutional guarantee that the right to a jury trial remain \u201cinviolate,\u201d the court therefore held that a strict burden of proof applies when a company seeks to show that an online consumer unambiguously assented to waive his or her right to a jury trial. Id. at 20, 24. Accordingly, the court adopted the Chilutti<\/em> test.<\/p>\n

Two months later, the Superior Court confirmed Duffy<\/em>\u2019s significance. In Pierce v. Empower Finance Inc.<\/em>, the court clarified that while Chilutti<\/em> \u201cby itself, [ ] has no precedential value,\u201d Duffy<\/em>\u2019s adoption of the Chilutti<\/em> test is \u201cnot just instructive, but also controlling.\u201d<\/p>\n

Put differently, Chilutti<\/em> may have been vacated, but its core holding is again the law in Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

Pierce<\/em> then showed how exacting this standard can be in practice. Empower\u2019s consumer-finance app advised users during registration that \u201cYou agree to our Privacy Policy, Terms, E-Sign, & Subscription Agreement,\u201d with each item hyperlinked. The hyperlinked terms prominently notified users on the first page in bold text that an arbitration agreement was included. Although this arguably satisfied the second part of the Chilutti-Duffy<\/em> framework, it did not establish assent. Users were not required to click the hyperlink or view the terms, and the registration screen did not tell Pierce that agreeing to Empower\u2019s terms meant waiving her right to a jury trial. The Superior Court therefore refused to enforce the agreement.<\/p>\n

The upshot is clear: Chilutti<\/em> itself may be gone as precedent, but Duffy<\/em> brought its holding (and the more-demanding-than-the-Ninth-Circuit test) back to life. Pierce<\/em> confirms it\u2019s binding. Pennsylvania therefore remains a uniquely demanding jurisdiction for enforcing online consumer arbitration agreements\u2014particularly where assent is obtained through hyperlinked terms of service.<\/p>\n

Until the Pennsylvania Supreme Court weighs in again, that is.<\/p>\n

The article in its original form can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Brenna L. Turner<\/em><\/a> (Law \u201922) is an associate in Montgomery McCracken\u2019s Litigation Department. She focuses her practice on complex litigation matters, performing legal research, and drafting memoranda and court filings.<\/em><\/p>\n

Robert Day\u00a0<\/em><\/a>is a partner in Montgomery McCracken\u2019s Litigation Department and serves as chair of the firm’s Class Action Practice.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

October 28, 2026 When the Pennsylvania Supreme Court vacated the Superior Court\u2019s en banc decision in Chilutti v. Uber Technologies, Inc., businesses may have hoped that Pennsylvania\u2019s unusually strict approach to online arbitration agreements had been put to rest\u2014or at least put on a lengthy hold. It has not. In Chilutti, the en banc Superior<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":4692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2002,61,2617],"tags":[],"coauthors":[2998,2999],"class_list":["post-4691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-consumer-protection","category-legal-developments","category-pennsylvania-law","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Chilutti Test Returns: The Pennsylvania Superior Court Again Adopts Heightened Scrutiny of Online Arbitration Agreements - The Temple 10-Q<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/the-chilutti-test-returns-the-pennsylvania-superior-court-again-adopts-heightened-scrutiny-of-online-arbitration-agreements\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Chilutti Test Returns: The Pennsylvania Superior Court Again Adopts Heightened Scrutiny of Online Arbitration Agreements - The Temple 10-Q\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"October 28, 2026 When the Pennsylvania Supreme Court vacated the Superior Court\u2019s en banc decision in Chilutti v. 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