{"id":3684,"date":"2023-08-10T11:15:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T15:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.law.temple.edu\/10q\/?p=3684"},"modified":"2023-08-10T11:15:16","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T15:15:16","slug":"hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/","title":{"rendered":"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity"},"content":{"rendered":"

August 9, 2023<\/p>\n

In October 2022, the Federal Trade Commission issued a Public Comment opposing a Certificate of Public Advantage (COPA) for the merger of State University of New York Upstate Medical University (SUNY Upstate) and Crouse Health System, Inc. The FTC\u2019s Public Comment advised the New York State Department of Health that the merger would harm competition, and more generally reflects the Commission\u2019s continued hostility to COPAs. So what are COPAs, and why is the FTC so critical of them?<\/p>\n

Parker Immunity and New York\u2019s COPA Statute<\/strong><\/p>\n

The antitrust laws apply broadly. However, the Supreme Court in Parker v. Brown<\/em> and California Retail Liquor Dealers Association v. Midcal Aluminum<\/em> held that the Sherman Act does not preempt state regulation, nor does it proscribe private conduct endorsed by the states. In a nutshell, COPAs give merging parties a limited exemption from the antitrust laws.<\/p>\n

Like other COPA statutes, New York\u2019s aims to \u201cpromote improved quality and efficiency of, and access to, health care services\u201d by \u201cencourag[ing] \u2026 mergers and acquisitions among health care providers \u2026 under the active supervision of the commissioner.\u201d The state allows parties to apply for certificates of public advantage, which grants immunity from both federal antitrust action and private claims under state law. Relevant factors in issuing a COPA include: (i) the \u201cfinancial condition of the parties to the cooperative agreement, including whether any health care provider party is experiencing financial distress,\u201d (ii) \u201cthe level of competition in the primary service area,\u201d (iii) \u201cdifficulties in recruiting and retaining health care professionals,\u201d and (iv) the general pro- and anti-competitive effects of the merger. These factors, among others, are considered in the context of active supervision by state regulators.<\/p>\n

The SUNY Upstate-Crouse Merger<\/strong><\/p>\n

In April 2022, SUNY Upstate announced plans to acquire Crouse, which would be renamed Upstate-Crouse. The two healthcare systems lie directly opposite each other in Syracuse, New York. The merger was intended, according to the parties, to bolster financial health and improve patient services. Perhaps expecting an FTC challenge, the parties applied for a COPA. The FTC separately reviewed the merger.<\/p>\n

The FTC argued in its 57-page Public Comment that the merger would create a \u201csubstantial risk of serious competitive and consumer harm in the form of higher healthcare costs, lower quality, reduced innovation, reduced access to care, and depressed wages for hospital employees.\u201d In its view, a combined SUNY Upstate-Crouse would have resulted in a 45% market share for commercially insured inpatient hospital services and an even more concentrated 67% market share in Onondaga County, the home of Syracuse. The Public Comment took the position that competition, not regulation, is the key to better and more affordable healthcare. In support, the FTC cited case studies of previous COPA mergers, including healthcare combinations in North Carolina and Maine. According to the FTC, the studies show price increases after those mergers, notwithstanding COPA oversight. It also highlights the risk that COPAs could be repealed or expire, as in the case of the North Carolina and Maine mergers, respectively, removing state oversight and leading to even higher prices.<\/p>\n

The FTC Comment followed an August 2022 FTC Staff Policy Paper on COPAs in which the FTC found that COPA oversight is both an inadequate substitute for market competition and burdensome for states to conduct. In recent years, FTC staff has expressed concern about proliferating COPA laws. \u201cIn some situations,\u201d the FTC notes, \u201cstate legislatures have passed COPA legislation with the intent of exempting specific proposed hospital mergers from anticipated antitrust challenges.\u201d The Federal Trade Commissioners, including former Commissioner Noah Phillips, voted 5-0 to issue the critical Policy Paper, suggesting the FTC\u2019s position on COPA laws enjoys bipartisan support.<\/p>\n

In February 2023, SUNY Upstate and Crouse announced that they were abandoning their plans to merge, citing the operational and economic headwinds facing the health care industry.<\/p>\n

The Future of COPAs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>COPAs offer a path for pursuing healthcare mergers that might not pass muster under \u00a7-7 of the Clayton Act. This is especially true where the parties view a merger as a remedy for financial difficulties. The notoriously narrow failing-and flailing-firm defenses rarely resonate with federal enforcers. According to the horizontal merger guidelines, currently under review, a failing firm must show \u201c(1) the allegedly failing firm would be unable to meet its financial obligations in the near future; (2) it would not be able to reorganize successfully under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Act; and (3) it has made unsuccessful good-faith efforts to elicit reasonable alternative offers that would keep its tangible and intangible assets in the relevant market and pose a less severe danger to competition than does the proposed merger.\u201d The current FTC is unlikely to loosen those requirements anytime soon.<\/p>\n

Still, healthcare providers should expect the FTC to continue challenging COPAs. While COPA laws are a state issue and the FTC thus has no authority to block them, the Commission will continue to intervene and provide its view on legal proceedings that impact its competition mandate. It remains to be seen whether the FTC\u2019s clout will be enough to turn the COPA tide. Stay tuned.<\/p>\n

The full article in its original form can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Carl Hittinger (LAW \u201979, BA \u201976) is a Partner at BakerHostetler, serving as the firm\u2019s Antitrust and Competition Practice National Team Leader.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Marc Schildkraut is a Partner at BakerHostetler in the firm\u2019s Antitrust and Competition group.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Tyson Herrold serves as Counsel at BakerHostetler, focusing on antitrust and competition litigation.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

August 9, 2023
\nCarl Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976) of BakerHostetler co-authored an article with Marc Schildkraut and Tyson Herrold analyzing the legal implications of state COPA statutes, as well as an FTC Comment criticizing these laws.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":3688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,52,1976],"tags":[2685,2686,2687,1834,1627,106,294,334,1839,2688,2689,2690],"coauthors":[1073,1074,2684],"class_list":["post-3684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alumni-authored","category-compliance","category-health","tag-antitrust-law","tag-california-retail-liquor-dealers-association-v-midcal-aluminum","tag-certificate-of-public-advantage-copa","tag-clayton-act","tag-competition","tag-compliance","tag-federal-trade-commission","tag-healthcare","tag-mergers","tag-parker-v-brown","tag-public-comment","tag-state-university-of-new-york","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"\nHospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity - The Temple 10-Q<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity - The Temple 10-Q\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"August 9, 2023 Carl Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976) of BakerHostetler co-authored an article with Marc Schildkraut and Tyson Herrold analyzing the legal implications of state COPA statutes, as well as an FTC Comment criticizing these laws.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Temple 10-Q\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-10T15:15:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1702\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Carl W. Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976), Tyson Y. Herrold, Marc G. Schildkraut\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Carl W. Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976), Tyson Y. Herrold, Marc G. Schildkraut\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Erica Maier\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#\/schema\/person\/d88f9d6c1e573914b328a9fc287d495a\"},\"headline\":\"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-10T15:15:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\"},\"wordCount\":908,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Antitrust Law\",\"California Retail Liquor Dealers Association v. Midcal Aluminum\",\"Certificate of Public Advantage (COPA)\",\"Clayton Act\",\"Competition\",\"Compliance\",\"Federal Trade Commission\",\"Healthcare\",\"mergers\",\"Parker v. Brown\",\"Public Comment\",\"State University of New York\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Alumni Authored\",\"Compliance\",\"Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\",\"name\":\"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity - The Temple 10-Q\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-10T15:15:16+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#\/schema\/person\/d88f9d6c1e573914b328a9fc287d495a\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1702},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/\",\"name\":\"The Temple 10-Q\",\"description\":\"Temple's Business Law Magazine\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#\/schema\/person\/d88f9d6c1e573914b328a9fc287d495a\",\"name\":\"Erica Maier\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/287d6d70b5641c5fca2014a2642c81f4173a498c7b1d1dafac589e1a9dc74e18?s=96&d=mm&r=g5e523333d61dc7fabb86b49c5ffcbaee\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/287d6d70b5641c5fca2014a2642c81f4173a498c7b1d1dafac589e1a9dc74e18?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/287d6d70b5641c5fca2014a2642c81f4173a498c7b1d1dafac589e1a9dc74e18?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Erica Maier\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/author\/emaier\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity - The Temple 10-Q","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity - The Temple 10-Q","og_description":"August 9, 2023 Carl Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976) of BakerHostetler co-authored an article with Marc Schildkraut and Tyson Herrold analyzing the legal implications of state COPA statutes, as well as an FTC Comment criticizing these laws.","og_url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/","og_site_name":"The Temple 10-Q","article_published_time":"2023-08-10T15:15:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1702,"url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Carl W. Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976), Tyson Y. Herrold, Marc G. Schildkraut","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Carl W. Hittinger (LAW \u201979, B.A. \u201976), Tyson Y. Herrold, Marc G. Schildkraut","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/"},"author":{"name":"Erica Maier","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#\/schema\/person\/d88f9d6c1e573914b328a9fc287d495a"},"headline":"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity","datePublished":"2023-08-10T15:15:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/"},"wordCount":908,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg","keywords":["Antitrust Law","California Retail Liquor Dealers Association v. Midcal Aluminum","Certificate of Public Advantage (COPA)","Clayton Act","Competition","Compliance","Federal Trade Commission","Healthcare","mergers","Parker v. Brown","Public Comment","State University of New York"],"articleSection":["Alumni Authored","Compliance","Health"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/","url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/","name":"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity - The Temple 10-Q","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg","datePublished":"2023-08-10T15:15:16+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#\/schema\/person\/d88f9d6c1e573914b328a9fc287d495a"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg","width":2560,"height":1702},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/hospital-mergers-the-future-of-copa-immunity\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Hospital Mergers: The Future of COPA Immunity"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#website","url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/","name":"The Temple 10-Q","description":"Temple's Business Law Magazine","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/#\/schema\/person\/d88f9d6c1e573914b328a9fc287d495a","name":"Erica Maier","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/287d6d70b5641c5fca2014a2642c81f4173a498c7b1d1dafac589e1a9dc74e18?s=96&d=mm&r=g5e523333d61dc7fabb86b49c5ffcbaee","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/287d6d70b5641c5fca2014a2642c81f4173a498c7b1d1dafac589e1a9dc74e18?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/287d6d70b5641c5fca2014a2642c81f4173a498c7b1d1dafac589e1a9dc74e18?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Erica Maier"},"url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/author\/emaier\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2023\/08\/national-cancer-institute-1c8sj2IO2I4-unsplash-1-scaled-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3684\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3684"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.temple.edu\/10q\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}