TEMPLEUNIVERSITYJAMES E. BEASLEYSCHOOL OF LAWLAW SCHOOL ANDALUMNI NEWSWINTER 2007The end of an eraRobert Reinsteinto step downafter 19 years21975_TL_Cv 11/19/07 12:30 PM Page 1WHAT’S INSIDE?LAW SCHOOL EXPANDSduring dean’s 19-year tenure (pages one to three).The annual DEVELOPMENT REPORT is our chance, once again,to acknowledge the generous donors who make it possiblefor the law school to continue to excel (starts on page four).AIDS LAW ACTIVISTMark Heywood is 2007-08 Phyllis W.Beck Chair (page five).LL.M. IN TRIAL ADVOCACY PROGRAMhas a new director:Barbara Ashcroft, a former Montgomery County prosecutor(page nine).MARYLOUISE ESTEN IS HONOREDby an award given annually by the AALS (page 14).MARINA KATSand JAMES WALDEN are profiled in thisissue of Temple Esq. (pages 19 and 20).This year’s inductees to the university’s Gallery of Successare ALPHONSO DAVIDandBONNIE BARNETT(page 33).And of course, CLASS NOTES.By the way, please send usyour news for the March 2008 issue!(starts on page 34).On hearing Dean Reinstein’sannouncement . . .. . . you are the best thing that happened to TempleUniversity, the Law School, steadfastness in civil rights,and me. Your good influences runs throughout. We’reenormously grateful and lucky to have had you at the helm. And may you spread your intellect and passion forjustice in the years ahead.—Peter J. Liacouras, Chancellor and Former President of Temple UniversityI consider you to be the epitome of what a law schooldean should be—a terrific person, a first rateadministrator and a hard working teacher. —Peter Rothwell ’84, Corporate Secretary and General Counsel, Subsidiary Operations, Dessault Falcon Jet Corp.Bob Reinstein’s vision and energy have catapultedTemple’s international law programs into the top tier.Nowhere is this more evident than in the programs inJapan and China. . . . The overseas programs—along withthe strong international law teachers and scholars thatBob recruited—have made international law a widely-recognized center of excellence within the law school.—Jeffrey L. Dunoff, Charles Klein Professor ofLaw and Government As I continue to progress in my career and life, I neverforget how Temple Law School helped to get me where Iwho were willing to assist along the way that have had thegreatest impact.—Gregory Mayes ’95, Vice President and Associate General Counsel, ImClone SystemsYou were only a few years older than me when you taughtme Con Law in 1970. I sensed your nervousness when youstarted, but you were on fire, a rock star. You got to us—you have a Temple soul. —Henry J. Lewis, M.D., J.D.’73As a future public defender and the daughter of educators,I chose Temple Law largely because of its vibrant publicinterest community and the school’s commitment to the artof teaching. Having come to know Dean Reinstein as mypropagated and protected by him.—Molly Armour, third-year studentWinter 2007STUDENTS WAS HELD AT THE NATIONALCONSTITUTION CENTER.21975_TL_Cv 11/19/07 12:30 PM Page 2Now…whoever studies here canremember you.Become a permanent fixture in the newly renovated law library.A named carrel in TempleUniversity Beasley School ofLaw’s library is a wonderfulway to honor the educationyou received at Temple LawSchool, to recognize theachievements of adistinguished faculty member,or to honor the memory ofclassmate or loved one.It is also a great marketingopportunity for your firm. A carrel can be named in the law library with a taxdeductible contribution of$10,000. We invite you toconsider the opportunity.Space is limited. For moreinformation, please contact:Colleen A. UhniatDirector of Development215.204.2246colleen.uhniat@temple.eduRememberstudying here?21975_TL_Cv 11/19/07 12:30 PM Page 3TEMPLE ESQ. WINTER 2007 • 1NOVEMBER 2007As of June 30, 2008, Dean Robert J. Reinstein will officiallyreturn to his true passions in law—teaching and writing. Reinstein, who hasbeen dean of the law school for nearly 20 years, has also served as theuniversity’s vice president for international programs for the last ten years.Reinstein says the time is right to leave his administrative post becausethe law school—and the university’s international programs—are in excellentcondition. Under his leadership, the law school and the internationalprograms have both experienced exciting programmatic, academic andfinancial growth.Reinstein is presently the longest serving dean of an American law school.During his tenure, the law school’s endowment increased from $4 million to$57 million, the full-time faculty expanded by 34 percent, and 13 endowedfaculty chairs and more than 70 endowed student scholarship funds werecreated. The law school gradually evolved from a regional institution to one inwhich two-thirds of its applicants are now from out of state, and its litigationprogram is held in national regard. Applications have more than doubled,with 4,800 applicants competing for 300 seats. Additionally, this fall’s enteringclass has the highest academic credentials in the law school’s history.Also during Reinstein’s tenure, Temple Law became the James E. BeasleySchool of Law, in recognition of the generous gift from James E. Beasley. Thisgift includes an endowment that provided full tuition scholarships to 41 lawstudents in this year’s entering class.The law school has also built upon its long-standing commitment to thelocal community. For more than 30 years, Temple has sponsored a programthat provides hundreds of Philadelphia high school students with achallenging and motivating preview of a legal career. Temple law studentsalso serve the North Philadelphia community as volunteers and work in anextensive array of clinical training programs, with a third of the 2007graduates receiving awards for public service. The Temple Legal Aid Officehas represented economically disadvantaged citizens of North Philadelphiafor more than 50 years.Reinstein, a graduate of Harvard Law School, began his career at Templeas an assistant professor of law in 1969, teaching constitutional law. He wasalso a contributing attorney for the NAACP and worked on cases thatsuccessfully integrated the Philadelphia police and fire departments, thePennsylvania State Police and the Operating Engineers Union Local 542. He worked for the US Department of Justice from 1977 through 1980, during which time he received three awards for distinguished service.In 1982, he joined the university administration as Temple’s chief counsel,where he served until 1989. In this role, Reinstein found that he frequentlyhad to sort through legal issues involving Temple’s overseas campuses. This experience convinced him of the need for international exposure forTemple law students.CURRICULUM BECOMES INCREASINGLY GLOBALReinstein became vice president for International Programs university-widein 1997. In this capacity, he has led the university during a time whenincreased globalization requires educators to keep up with what’s happeningin the international arena, or risk falling behind. “I have had a passion forinternational education because it is a reality . . . that we have to be ahead ofthe game, and not always catching up,” Reinstein says.As a result of his foresight, Temple developed and operates the firstforeign law degree-granting program in China’s history. Today, Temple’s rule oflaw program has granted over 260 LL.M. degrees to Chinese judges,prosecutors, government officials and lawyers, and conducted symposia andtraining workshops in trial skills for many more. Temple’s partner in China,Tsinghua University, now accepts Temple J.D. students in a semester studyabroad program.ROBERTREINSTEIN TOSTEP DOWNAS DEANAfter 19 years of great strides for the law school, dean retires in June, but will remain on faculty.21975_TL_Tx 11/19/07 12:21 PM Page 12• TEMPLE ESQ. WINTER 2007 Excellence in trial advocacyeducation and success in trialcompetition continues to putTemple Law in the spotlight.The law school has twicereceived the American Collegeof Trial Lawyers’ Emil GumpertAward for Excellence inTeaching Trial Advocacy. An LL.M. in Trial Advocacyprogram was established in1993, building on the lawschool’s strength andreputation for excellence inteaching trial skills. Temple’strial advocacy program hasbeen ranked first by U.S.News and World Reportfivetimes, and the national trialteam continues to capturenational titles.Temple’scampus inTokyo through a period oftremendousgrowth. In2005, TempleJapan was thefirst foreign universityrecognized by the JapaneseMinistry of Education. Today, Temple Japan has3,000 students.In 1999, the law school wasrenamed the James E. BeasleySchool of Lawin recognition ofthe largest ever gift to the lawschool. That same year, DeanReinstein developed the ChinaLL.M. Program,the first foreignlaw degree-granting programin China’s history; in 2002,the Prime Minister of Chinapresented him with theNational Friendship Award in recognition of Temple’scontributions to thedevelopment of the rule of law in that country.In 1989, Professor Robert J.Reinstein became the ninthdean of Temple Law School.During Dean Reinstein’s first years, the endowmentcontinued to grow, nearlydoubling between 1988 and1993, and twenty-three newscholarshipsare established.In 1992, the first Board ofVisitors was installed, withJudge Anthony J. Scirica aschair and Howard Gittis asvice-chair.The School saw tremendouschange to the physical plant.Thanks to the generosity ofJack E. Feinberg ’57,twoclassrooms were renovated foruse as trial practice rooms.The Duane Morris LLP MootCourtroomwas remodeledthrough a gift from that firm.The Centennial Campaign,launched in 1995 and chairedby Arthur G. Raynes ’59, ledto the acquisition of Park Hall (now Shusterman Hall,thanksto a gift from Murray H.Shusterman ’36) and CollegeHall (now Morris and SylviaBarrack Hall,thanks to a giftfrom Lynne and Leonard ’68Barrack) and the completerenovation of the law school’smain building, Klein Hall.A substantial number offaculty professorships andchairs, and scholarship fundsfor students, were established.Exciting curriculum changesinclude the establishment ofan Integrated Trial AdvocacyProgramjoined several yearslater by the IntegratedTransactional Program.Graduate legal educationopportunities expanded withthe reconstruction of the LL.M. in Taxationin 1994 andthe creation of the LL.M. inTransnational Lawin 1999.In 1994, Temple Law Japanbecame the country’s first fullsemester- abroad study abroadprogram in Asia. In 1997,Dean Reinstein was namedVice President for Inter-national Programs, and ledShusterman Hall isdedicated in 1997. NINETEEN YEARS . . . AN OVERVIEW1996 US Supreme CourtChief Justice WilliamRehnquist withUniversity PresidentPeter J. Liacouras, aTemple official, andDean Reinstein.1976 withstudent.With wife M. Taylor Aspinwall ’77 in 1991.Dean Reinstein with James E. Beasley forwhom law school is renamed in 1999.21975_TL_Tx 11/19/07 12:21 PM Page 2TEMPLE ESQ. WINTER 2007 • 3Today• The law school’s full-timefaculty has grown from 50 to 60. New faculty who focuson intellectual property,international law and businesslaw continue to expand theintellectual climate at the lawschool. Reinstein says, “I amparticularly proud that thefaculty has produced animpressive body of scholarshipwhile maintaining our historiccommitment to teaching.”• The 2006 graduating classachieved the highest first-timebar pass rate for anyPennsylvania law school.• Temple ranks first in itsplacement rate of newassociates hired to practicein large Philadelphia lawfirms. With the support of theBarrack Loan RepaymentProgram and the RubinPublic Interest ScholarshipProgram, Temple J.D.graduates rank first amongallof the tri-state law schoolsin public interest jobs.• Nearly 25 percent ofTemple’s law students studyabroad at campuses in Rome,Tokyo and Beijing. Over 50international LL.M. studentsenroll annually at Temple, and50 Chinese attorneys study atTemple each summer as partof the China LL.M. program. • Thanks to generous alumnisupport, the law schoolcontinues to make qualitylegal education affordable to agrowing number of students.In 2007, 41 students in theentering class were awardedfull-tuition scholarshipsthrough the Beasley ScholarsProgram, and over 100students will receive financialsupport through otherendowed scholarship funds.Reinstein has overseenTemple’s campus in Tokyo through a period of tremendous growth.Temple Japan (TUJ) has3,000 students, withundergraduate majors in liberal arts, business, economics, art and communications, as well as graduate programs in business,education and law. It is the first foreign university campus to beofficially recognized by the Japanese Ministry of Education, allowingit to sponsor student visas. Large numbers of students from theUnited States and around the world are joining Japanese studentsin pursuing full degree programs at TUJ, which marks its 25thanniversary this month. Reinstein also oversaw Temple’s campus in Rome, which provides semester-abroad and summer programsin art, art history, liberal arts, business and law to nearly 600American students each year. External site evaluations haveconsistently ranked Temple Rome, which celebrated its 40thanniversary this year, as one of the best American study-abroadprograms available.Over the years, Reinstein has received many accolades for hislong-term service to Temple. For example, Anthony J. Scirica, chiefjudge of the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and chairmanof Temple Law School’s board of visitors, says one of the morenotable aspects of Reinstein’s career is his ability to sustain a highlevel of performance over many years. “It is a high-pressure job,”says Scirica, “And it calls on many talents.”Temple University’s new president agrees. “I am most gratefulfor Dean Reinstein’s remarkable service to Temple,” says PresidentAnne Weaver Hart. “Under his leadership, the Beasley School ofLaw has grown by every measure. In addition, Bob’s impact onTemple has been felt globally, through his work in developing andexpanding international programs in China, at Temple UniversityJapan, Temple Rome and around the world. I am grateful for theclose working relationship we have shared, and know that he will bea fantastic addition to our faculty as he returns to the classroom.”The dean’s wide-ranging accomplishments have led many toremark that he has actually been doing the work of two people. In fact, President Hart says that two separate searches will belaunched to recruit his successors, one for a law school dean and one for a vice president for International Programs. Reinsteinagreed to continue as dean during the search to prevent the lawschool from having to undergo the difficult transition of having anacting dean.“My first love of law has always been centered on teaching andscholarship, and I am anxious to pursue my passion by returning tothe faculty,” Reinstein says. “While this was a difficult decision forme to make, I believe strongly that Temple University’s president,—-Janet GoldwaterBarrack Hall isdedicated in 2002. 1999 Benjamin Levy ’66 andJudge Clifford Scott Green ’53with Dean Reinstein.Dean Reinstein receives the NationalFriendship Award from the PrimeMinister of China in 2002.DEAN TO STEP DOWNcontinued from page one21975_TL_Tx 11/19/07 12:21 PM Page 314• TEMPLE ESQ. WINTER 2007 Dean of Students ReceivesNational AwardMarylouise Esten has been selected for the AALS’ Peter N. Kutulakis AwardEach year, the American Association of Law Schools(AALS) gives the Peter N. Kutulakis Award to an institution,administrator or law professor “in recognition of outstandingprovision of services to law students.” In January 2008, theaward will be presented to Marylouise Esten—widely knownas Weegie—during the AALS annual meeting in New York.The award was established in memory of Associate DeanPeter N. Kutulakis of Penn State’s Dickinson School of Law.Esten, a 1986 Yale Law graduate, has been a member ofthe Temple Law School administration since 1991. Shecurrently serves as the associate dean for students.“She is a valued member of my senior managementteam and a trusted resource for our students,” says DeanRobert J. Reinstein, who has worked with Esten during herentire tenure at the law school. “One of the best decisionsI made as dean was to hire Marylouise Esten. She hasbeen a tremendous asset to Temple Law School andthrough her efforts has made our students, her colleaguesand, in turn, the law school a better place.” Esten is known for being extraordinarily accessible to students, who eagerly offered glowing testimonialswhen solicited for comments in support of her nomination for the Kutulakis Award.The students are not the only segment of the law school who benefit from Esten’s presence at the lawschool. She also assists and advises the faculty’s administrative committee, chaired by Professor RichardGreenstein — the body which considers student petitions for exemption from academic regulations,readmission after dismissal, and correction of grading errors. “Simply put, there is no one whose opinion has more weight than Dean Esten’s,” says Greenstein. “Shehas a critical but rare quality: the ability to see simultaneously what is in both the student’s and theinstitution’s best interests. Her compassion runs deep, and she has been able to maintain it for over adecade on the job.“I have worked with some excellent deans of students over the years. Theirs is a busy, often intense, andoften stressful job. Somehow, Dean Esten has avoided burn-out and cynicism, and it frankly amazes me.”Esten comes from an illustrious legal background. Her father, Judge Francis Catania ’49, an honorary lifetrustee of Temple University, sat on the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas Court from 1963 to 1990where he was president judge for a number of years. Esten’s brother, Francis J. Catania Jr., attendedDickinson Law School and is now a professor at Widener Law School.Esten did not leap immediately into the law after graduating as valedictorian from Middlebury College in1980. Perhaps presaging the two interests that she combines at Temple Law, she worked first as a paralegaland then moved into teaching and admissions at a private school in New Hampshire. She elected to enterlaw school. At Yale, Esten was selected by Professor Drew S. Days III—later Solicitor General of the US—tobe his teaching assistant. Prior to coming to Temple, Esten was an associate at Day, Berry & Howard inHartford, Connecticut, where she was a member of the real estate department. When Esten started at Temple, she was the assistant dean for admissions and financial aid. Today she isthe associate dean for students, supervising admissions, financial aid, student affairs, the registrar’s office,and career planning. While performing her herculean tasks at work, Esten, with her husband Doug (a ’96Temple Law evening division graduate), has managed to raise three children, Anna (16), Will (14), andElizabeth (11).When Dean Reinstein notified the faculty that he was nominating Esten for the Peter N. Kutulakis Award,everything (and there is so much she does) with intelligence, grace, sensitivity, and great judgment undertrying conditions. I know you know all this and more, but whatever it takes to keep her here forever . . .is more than well worth it.”“Quite simply, Dean Estenis the most responsive,compassionate, patientindividual I have comeacross in the institutionalsetting. She communicatesquickly, honestly andoptimistically—withoutjudging—which makes acomfortable forum forinquiry and expressingideas. It is quiteremarkable, because shehas so much to do andhas been doing it for solong. If only everyonewere more like DeanEsten, the whole worldwould run more smoothly.”21975_TL_Tx 11/19/07 12:22 PM Page 14TEMPLE ESQ. WINTER 2007 • 19Community College, taking only math courses because her English vocabulary waslimited. Her dictionary was herbest friend. The following year sheenrolled at Temple and paid herway with loans and by working ata dental office as an interpreterand later became a dentalassistant. “I had many jobs,sometimes two jobs, sometimesthree,” she says. She thoughtabout a career in medicine buteventually set her sights on thelaw. “I thought I could helpmore people as a lawyer,” she says. In her busy scheduleshe also managed to fit in a marriage to a fellow Russian émigré.“At Temple Law School,” she says, “I had wonderful professors,the work was challenging, and I made amazing friends with whomI’m still close.”For the first six years out of law school she worked as a litigator,taking two weeks off for the birth of her daughter Kelsey (now 16)and three days off for the birth of her daughter Alexandra (now 9).Currently, she is a single mom.In 1995 she established her own law firm, which by now hasgrown to ten lawyers with offices in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.And she was featured in Philadelphia Magazineas a PhiladelphiaSuper Lawyer in 2004.She was also honored for her business acumen by Real Phillymagazine when she was named a Woman of the Year in 2005 andone of the 50 Best Business Women in the Commonwealth in1997; her portfolio of real estate holdings have included shoppingcenters and center city properties. And she serves as the head ofthe Russian-American Chamber of Commerce and hosts a call-inradio show in Russian on legal and civic issues.Kats is also an active member of the boards of Albert EinsteinHospital, HIAS, and the Philadelphia Committee to EndHomelessness. High up on the long list of the institutions shesupports with her time and money is the Beasley School of Law.When her gift to Temple enabled her to join the Centennial Societyin 1991, just three years after she graduated, she was the youngestalumnus to ever become a member. And now she has made a new $100,000 gift to the law schoolwhere a trial advocacy classroom will be named in her honor. With—-Ruth W. SchultzPicture this: central castingneeds a glamorous womanto play the part of theassistant district attorney onLaw & Order.She must lookfearless in her power suit and be able to ambulatebriskly in stiletto heels. Top it off with a mane of hair thatwhispers, “I’m worth it” in ashampoo ad. Marina Kats could get thepart. But she’s no actress—she’s the real thing. Kats is thepresident of the law firm ofKats, Jamison, Van der Veen &Associates. Located inFeasterville, Pa., the firmspecializes in civil and criminal litigation. “We don’t encourage ourclients to settle. We’re trained to go to court,” she says. And thattraining has resulted in several multi-million dollar verdicts whichhave provided her with a grand lifestyle, the means to become amajor real estate investor, and the ability to emerge as a benefactorof causes and institutions that are dear to her heart. Prosperity has not prompted her to forget her roots. She wasborn in Kiev, Ukraine, when it was part of the Soviet Union. There,her family had a relatively comfortable life style. “I am an onlychild,” she explains. “My mother was an economist and my fatherwas the director of a state food distribution chain. I received a goodeducation there but I was aware that some crucial human rightswere lacking. I believed in freedom of expression and freedom of religion and this was not possible in the Soviet Union. At 15 I told my parents that I planned on going to Israel. They worriedabout my going into the army so they agreed to go instead to theUnited States.”The Katses left in 1979 when she was 17. None of them spokea word of English. Was she afraid of the adjustment to anotherculture and the economic privations that it entailed? “No,” she says.“When you’re 17, you’re afraid of nothing. But my parents knewthat it would be difficult for them to achieve the success theyenjoyed in the Soviet Union. It is the natural instinct of parents tosacrifice for their children.”They arrived in Philadelphia in August, settled into a crampedapartment in the Northeast and lived off a small stipend from theJewish Family Service. Kats attended a children’s course in Marina Kats ’88 Youngest member ever to join Centennial Society21975_TL_Tx 11/19/07 12:23 PM Page 1920• TEMPLE ESQ. WINTER 2007 “Temple was a natural choice forsomeone who wants to be a triallawyer,” he says. “There I hadincredible professors who challengedme, including Bob Reinstein, AliceAbreu, Tony Bocchino, DianeMaleson, JoAnne Epps and WendyShiba, who was responsible for gettingme to O’Melveny & Myers for asummer internship in New York. Ihad only been to New York oncebefore and I couldn’t imagine livingthere. But I fell in love with the sheerenergy of it.”When he graduated from TempleLaw in 1991, he was an editor onthe law review and first in the class.He went on to clerk for JudgeAnthony J. Scirica, now Chief Judgeof the Court of Appeals for the ThirdCircuit, whom he calls “one of themost influential people in mypersonal and professionaldevelopment.” For nine years he was a federal prosecutor in Brooklyn, wherehe successfully brought to trial high-ranking organized crimesfigures, drug dealers and murderers. “I have seen horrific crimesand many lives devastated by them,” he says. In 2002 he returnedto O’Melveny & Myers and then joined Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher in2006. There he advises boards of directors and senior corporatemanagement. He defends corporations and individuals againstactions brought by the Department of Justice, the SEC and otherregulatory agencies regarding compliance issues. His work for oneclient, a chemical company in the cross hairs of antitrustinvestigations on three continents, was praised by the Departmentof Justice as the “gold standard in corporate cooperation.” Walden also makes time forpro bonowork. Recently, he won asettlement on behalf of indigent and disabled New Yorkers who hadhad their food stamps illegally terminated.How does he stay connected to the law school? “Three years agoI joined the board of visitors,” he explains. “I am passionate aboutTemple because it has given many generations of people who mightnot have had access to a legal career the chance to succeed. I alsobelieve that I might not have been so successful if I had come fromany other law school and not had so many professors who took an—Ruth W. SchultzJim Walden has never had a clientgo to jail in the six years that he hasbeen defending corporate executivesin criminal cases. At the New Yorkoffice of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher,he is a litigation partner and co-chairof the white-collar defense andinvestigations group.During the previous nine years,however, he was famous for puttingmob bosses behind bars as a federalprosecutor in Brooklyn. That’s wherehe earned the sobriquet “Tiger Boy.”In 2000, The New York Timescalled him “a prosecutor even themobsters respect.” His leap from the mean streets ofBrooklyn to the posh boardrooms ofhis Fortune 500 clients and a ParkAvenue office address reflects the leaphe has taken from his blue-collar roots. When Walden was born in PortDeposit, MD, during his father’senlistment in the Navy, there was noexpectation that he would be a lawyer.No one in the family had gone to college.In Levittown, PA, where the family settled, his father was a truckdispatcher, his mother a secretary, and his beloved maternalgrandfather, who Walden patterned himself after, worked in thenearby Fairless Hills Steel Mill. Walden also worked there during thesummer. And though he graduated at the top of the class in highschool, he was unprepared for college. “I didn’t know what Ineeded to do, how to select the right school and how to pay for it. A close friend, Sara Silver, sat me down and helped me through theprocess. Without her I’m not sure where I would have ended.”Walden worked three jobs to save tuition money and a year latermatriculated at Hamilton College in Clinton, NY.“I went into several rabbit holes at Hamilton trying to find theright fit,” he recalls. But he had shown a knack for public speaking,winning awards both in high school and at Hamilton. Finally heconcluded that he might put his public-speaking ability to work as atrial lawyer. “It seemed exciting to a young man who had nevereven seen the inside of a courtroom,” he explains. He won a meritscholarship his senior year. James A. Walden ’91White collar defense attorney James Walden with wife Jemma Kent at a reception atDean Reinstein’s home in June 2007.21975_TL_Tx 11/19/07 12:24 PM Page 20Next >